January 1815
3rd January 1815 – A secret treaty was signed between France, England and Austria, intending to impede the Prussian and Russian ambitions in Germany.
February 1815
12 February 1815 – Hugues-Bernard Maret, Duke of Bassano, sent to Napoleon I an emissary, baron Pierre-Alexandre-Edouard Fleury de Chaboulon, to advise him to hasten his return to France.
26 February 1815 – The brig Inconstant, accompanied by a flotilla of four three-masted and two feluccas, departed at nine o'clock from the island of Elba, Napoleon aboard.
March 1815
1st March 1815 – Napoleon landed in Golfe-Juan , between Cannes and Antibes, French riviera.
5 March 1815 – At noon, Napoleon arrived in Sisteron, southern French Alpes. At eleven o'clock, he reached the city of Gap. French royal government was informed of the landing of Napoleon.
6 March 1815 – King Louis XVIII chaired a cabinet meeting to deal with the return of Napoleon. The King asked for the convocation of Parliament. A royal decree declared Napoleon Bonaparte traitor and rebel. All commanders of the armed forces would run down
, bringing him before a court martial and shooting him on the simple fact of his identity.
7 March 1815 – The news of the departure of Napoleon from Elba arrived in Vienna [Wien].
10 March 1815 – Napoleon entered Lyon.
11 March 1815 – Napoleon reviewed his troops on the Place Bellecour, Lyon. He took a decree that dissolved the chambers of Louis XVIII, and another one that directed all emigrants returned after 1st January 1814 to immediately get out of the Empire. He left Lyon at noon. The same day, the Congress of Vienna said: Napoleon Bonaparte has placed himself outside the civil and social relations and as an enemy and disturber of the world, he has engaged in public prosecution.
18 March 1815 – The French Chamber of Deputies declared that the war against Napoleon Bonaparte was national
.
19 March 1815 – King Louis XVIII asked the Army to remain faithful, while promising to forgive and forget lost children
. He left the Tuileries Palace at midnight. In the night, Napoleon arrived in Montereau.
20 March 1815 – Napoleon arrived at Fontainebleau at 4 AM. At 9 AM he reached the courtyard of the Tuileries Palace and set up a government.
21 March 1815 – Lazare Carnot was made Minister of Interior and Count of the Empire.
23 March 1815 – Louis XVIII published from Lille, North France, an order to all French commanding to disobey any order of mobilization from Napoleon Bonaparte.
24 March 1815 – The imperial power suppressed the direction of the library and censorship.
25 March 1815 – Legislation passed by the revolutionary assemblies against the Bourbons were updated.
26 March 1815 – The National Guard of Paris would have the Emperor as commander.
27 March 1815 – The Council of State annulled the forfeiture of Napoleon.
30 March 1815 – The Imperial University, which had been suppressed by Louis XVIII on 17 February, was reinstated.
April 1815
17 April 1815 – Napoleon 1 moved to the Elysée Palace.
20 April 1815 – The Parisians were informed, by firing a hundred guns, that the tricolor flag fleeted again on all the cities of France.
22 April 1815 – Publication of the Acte additionel (supplementary to the constitutions of the Empire).
25 April 1815 – The Allies were committed not to lay down their arms until they have killed Napoleon.
2nd May 1815 – Louis XVIII, in a manifesto published in Ghent, Belgium, called the French people to chase out the usurper.
May 1815
12 May 1815 – The Allies confirmed their decision of April 25th.
15 May 1815 – Royalist rebellion resumed in Vendée, West France.
26 May 1815 – The Tsar Alexander I of Russia, theEmperor Francis I of Austria and King Frederick William III of Prussia started leading the liberation army
.
June 1815
1st June 1815 – Assembly of the Champ-de-Mai: Emperor Napoleon I swoare-in to new constitutions of the Empire.
2nd June 1815 – The British House of Commons voted a budget of 3,169,622 pounds for war costs in 1815.
9 June 1815 – The final treaty, which set the state of Europe, was signed at the Congress of Vienna.
12 June 1815 – Napoleon left Paris to join the army.
14 June 1815 – Proclamation to his troops.
15 June 1815 – The French army crossed the river Sambre.
16 June 1815 – The enemy suffered heavy losses in the plains of Fleurus, near Ligny, but was not destroyed.
18 June 1815 – The Battle of Waterloo took place at Mont-Saint-Jean, Walloon Brabant.
19 June 1815 – Battle of Wavre, east of Waterloo, between the troops of Marshal Emmanuel de Grouchy and the Prussian III Corps.
20 June 1815 – Victory of General Jean Maximilien Lamarque over the Vendéens at Rocheservière.
21 June 1815 – Napoleon returned to the Elysée palace, Paris.
22 June 1815 – Abdication in favor of Napoleon II. Joseph Fouché formed a provisional government.
24 June 1815 – Napoleon left Paris. The "White Terror" (royalist) began in the South of France.
25 June 1815 – King Louis XVIII came back to France.
28 June 1815 – Louis XVIII announces that he will punish all those who rallied to the Usurper between March 1st and 23rd, but will pardon those who did so later.
29 June 1815 – Napoleon left for Rochefort. Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher arrived in front of Paris.
July 1815
2nd July 1815 – The Emperor learned that an English squadron was blockading the port of Rochefort.
3rd July 1815 – Capitulation of Paris. Saint-Cloud Military Convention. The French army was forced to withdraw behind the Loire. Napoleon arrived at Rochefort.
6 July 1815 – Allied troops entered Paris.
7 July 1815 – Ministry Talleyrand-Fouché was established by the Count of Artois.
8 July 1815 – King Louis XVIII returned to Paris. He was welcomed by Count Gilbert Joseph Gaspard de Chabrol de Volvic, Prefect of the Seine; it was he who first used the expression Les Cent-Jours
to describe the period from March 20 to June 1815.
8 July 1815 – Napoleon left Rochefort for the island of Aix on the frigate Saale. He would never again set foot on the European continent.
10 July 1815 – First contact between Napoleon's entourage, represented by René Savary and Emmanuel de las Cases, and Captain Frederick Maitland, commander of the HMS Bellerophon. The british officer made comments to his interlocutors in which they saw the possibility of exile in England.
11 July 1815 – Other companions of the Emperor, beware of British intentions, suggest to force the blockade.
13 July 1815 – The Emperor rejected his brother Joseph's incredible escape plan: to hide in a wine vat on a Danish cargo ship. He feared ridicule if captured.
13 July 1815 – On learning that Fouché, who had promised him a passport to emigrate to the United States of America, was in fact planning to hand him over to the royalists, Napoleon I resigned himself to surrender to the English.
14 July 1815 – He wrote a letter asking for asylum to the Prince Regent of England.
15 July 1815 – Napoleon embarked at Rochefort aboard the HMS Bellerophon, commanded by Captain Frederick Maitland, which set sail to England .
August 1815
2 August 1815 – Marshal Brune is brutally murdered in Avignon by royalist fanatics.
4 August 1815 – The Emperor chose the companions of his future captivity: four officers (Henri-Gatien Bertrand, Charles Tristan de Montholon, Gaspard Gourgaud, Emmanuel de Las Cases) and a dozen servants.
7 August 1815 – Napoleon was transferred aboard the 74-gun HMS Northumberland, under the command of Admiral Sir George Cockburn.
9 August 1815 – The Northumberland sails for the island of Saint Helena, located in the middle of the South Atlantic.
19 August 1815 – General La Bédoyère was executed in Paris for his role during the Hundred Days.
25 August 24 and 1815 – Stopover in Madeira, but the French were forbidden to set foot on land.
October 1815
13 October 1815 – Joachim Murat was shot in Pizzo, after a failed landing attempt on the Calabrian coast and a summary trial.
1x October 1815 – Saint Helena [-15.92416, -5.71868] was reported.
16 October 1815 – The governor of Saint Helena, Colonel Mark Wilks, learned that Admiral Cockburn was replacing him.
17 October 16 or 1815 – According to Las Cases and Mamelouk Ali, Napoleon set foot on Saint Helena on the 16th. The Northumberland's logbook, followed by most (but not all) historians, dated this event to the 17th.
18 October 1815 – The Emperor visited Longwood, accompanied by Bertrand, Ali and Admiral Cockburn. Work was required before installation.
18 October 1815 – Napoleon moved into the Briars' pavilion with Las Cases, Marchand and Ali. He met his neighbors, the Balcombes and their four children, including Betsy, who amused him with her vivacity and mischievousness.
22 October 1815 – He wrote a new letter of protest to His Majesty's British Government.
23 October 1815 – This document was entrusted to the captain of a troop ship returning to England.
28 October 1815 – Napoleon organized his work with his four collaborators: Henri-Gatien Bertrand, Charles Tristan de Montholon, Gaspard Gourgaud and Emmanuel de Las Cases.
29 October 1815 – He invited them and their wives to dinner. This Sunday meal became a custom.
30 October 1815 – Another dinner. This time, the Balcombes were the guests of honor. Betsy amused some and displeased others, depending on their temperament.
November 1815
3 November 1815 – Dispute between Countess Elizabeth Bertrand and Countess Albine de Montholon, who called each other whores, according to Gourgaud.
9 November 1815 – Frictions with the governor over the English officer in charge of accompanying Napoleon every time he left the Briars.
21 November 1815 – The Emperor, unlike his officers and their wives, did not attend the governor's ball.
27 November 1815 – Montholon went to Longwood to check on the progress of development work.
28 November 1815 – Napoleon stopped systematically donning the uniform of the Chasseurs de la Garde. He will wear it only occasionally, or when receiving distinguished visitors.
30 November 1815 – To be closer to Napoleon, Gourgaud moved into a tent near the Briars.
December 1815
4 December 1815 – The wind blew away Gourgaud's tent.
7 December 1815 – Another inspection of the Longwood works, this time carried out jointly by Montholon and Bertrand, at the governor's request. It emerged that, although the work was complete, the smell of paint was still too strong for the Emperor to move in.
7 December 1815 – In Paris, Marshal Ney was executed near the garden of the Observatoire.
8 December 1815 – Las Cases carried out an olfactory inspection of Longwood.
9 December 1815 – A batch of French and English newspapers published before September 15 informed exiles of the assassination of Marshal Brune, the trial and execution of General de la Bédoyère and the indictment of Marshal Ney.
10 December 1815 – Napoleon was transferred to Longwood. For the first time since June 29, he had a bath. Las Cases, Gourgaud, Montholon and his family, Dr. Barry O'Meara and Captain Thomas Poppleton, the english orderly, stayed with him. Bertrand and his family chose to settle two kilometers away, at Hutt's Gate.
12 December 1815 – Former governor Mark Wilks visited Napoleon.
13 December 1815 – Accompanied by Gourgaud and Montholon, the Emperor inspected his authorized perimeter on horseback. He returned in a very bad mood.
14 December 1815 – He refused to receive Admiral Cockburn and his deputy, Lieutenant-Colonel John Skelton.
17 December 1815 – He surveyed the immediate vicinity of Longwood, this time on foot.
19-21 December 1815 – He pushed his horseback rides beyond their assigned limits, while chafing at Captain Poppleton's obligatory company.
23 December 1815 – The frigate Doris brought in seven horses purchased by the Emperor.
27 December 1815 – The commander of the 53rd Infantry Regiment, Sir George Bingham, in charge of guarding Longwood, presented his officers to Napoleon.
28 December 1815 – A Polish officer, Captain Charles Piontkowski, made a surprise appearance on Saint Helena. He became Gourgaud's stable assistant.
30 December 1815 – Napoleon demonstrated his ploughing skills by tracing a furrow with a plow. The same day, he welcomed Admiral Cockburn and the two men agree to overcome their disagreements.
31 December 1815 – Lieutenant-Colonel Skelton and his wife dined at Longwood. Admiral Cockburn has the Emperor return his hunting rifles, confiscated since his arrival on Saint Helena.
Photo credits
Photos by Lionel A. Bouchon.Photos by Michèle Grau-Ghelardi.
Photos by Marie-Albe Grau.
Photos by Floriane Grau.
Photos by Didier Grau.
Photos by people outside the Napoleon & Empire association.